Put Humanity Back Into Business
Consider Human Needs When Developing Your Disaster Plan

By Michael Carter, PhD


A business is like a machine. It is without emotion, task-oriented and incapable of feeling pain. From the time it is built, it is concerned only with efficiently performing its function. If you think this is a disturbing analogy, you are right! What happens when a machine breaks down? Often times, you can simply replace its parts and it will be as good as new. But it is far more difficult to replace people working in a business. When disaster strikes, chances are your employees will not be able to function again so soon. Replacing them is not an option. People, not parts, are the backbone of any business. It is imperative that your company has a disaster recovery plan that provides for their needs.

Accidents involving only a few people should not be too difficult for most businesses to handle. Matters become much more problematic, however, when there are multiple injuries and deaths with which to deal. Take, for example, the Phillips Chemical explosion that occurred nearly ten years ago at a complex in Pasadena, Texas. There were 23 deaths and 314 injuries. The psychological impact on facility management and supervisory personnel can be enormous, as they must deal with the victims and their families. Any company that does not have an organized disaster recovery plan will simply not be prepared to deal with a disaster of this magnitude.

GETTING ORGANIZED
So what does it take to get organized? Incorporate a comprehensive humanitarian assistance program into your plan. Such a program should offer a wide range of services to a variety of potential victim groups, ranging from an organization’s own employees and contractors to outside emergency responders and private citizens. Services should include family notification, bereavement assistance, victim and survivor benefits and assistance, financial assistance or restitution, short-term psychological debriefing and longer-term post-traumatic stress counseling.

Analyze Your Current State
An analysis of the hazards and vulnerabilities faced by the organization should be conducted. Such an analysis is designed to ensure that the company is prepared to meet any potential disaster that could occur. It should focus on identifying the nature of the potential human impacts and on the scope or magnitude of these impacts. An evaluation of existing plans and procedures also needs to be conducted in order to ensure they are up to par. There is no reason to change plans that are already tried and true.

Make Policy a Priority
The development of humanitarian assistance policies and guidelines should be a priority for the planning/oversight team. Once such policies are developed, service requirements and performance standards need be defined, such as what has to be done, at what level of resources, in what time frame and for what duration. If an incident should occur, local facility managers will then be better equipped to handle it.

Organize the Response
After response requirements are defined, an effort should be made to begin planning appropriate organizational structures to meet the requirements. An overall management team, EMS teams, family notification and support teams, EAP counselors and/or peer support teams, and benefit counselors are some of the roles that need to be assigned.

Once the structure has been organized, attention should be given to assigning each group its own set of detailed response procedures. Issues that should be addressed include incident notification, incident assessment and classification, team activation and personnel mobilization, response command and control, and coordination with other groups.

Train the Team
Finally, it is necessary to train all members of the response program to understand the mechanics of the program, as well as to be psychologically prepared to deal with a critical incident. In order to maintain their skills, drills and exercises should be conducted regularly.

WHO WILL BENEFIT?
People Will Benefit
After a disaster, there are bound to be victims whose needs must be met. Public safety agencies will usually respond immediately to a disaster affecting your business. However, your corporate humanitarian assistance plan should also consider the needs of the victims. The public insists that action be taken quickly to assist victims and notify their families. A responsible corporation should be ready to respond.

A corporate plan should also provide for the needs of the victim’s family. Types of assistance should include transportation to the hospital or funeral home, hotel accommodations, childcare, and financial. Some companies will even go so far as to help arrange and pay for funeral services. After the burial, humanitarian assistance should ensure the long-term stability of the surviving family members. Insurance and other benefits to which they are entitled should be taken care of quickly.

All victims should be provided psychological counseling following a disaster. Survivors are often particularly traumatized after witnessing the death and destruction caused by the incident. Post trauma debriefings allow victims to discuss the incident and learn to cope with it. Only specialized mental health professionals should perform such debriefings. In many cases, the most seriously affected should be required to attend these meetings.

The lack of such counseling has proven to be devastating in the past. Shortly after an explosion killed two employees at Inland Steel Industries in East Chicago, Indiana, their 18-year old supervisor took his own life near the site. He left a letter describing his remorse over the deaths of his co-workers. Had counseling been available, it is possible that his life could have been saved. The availability of a counseling program after a disaster is a necessity.

The Corporation Will Benefit
While a humanitarian assistance program is designed primarily to meet the human needs of those affected by a disaster, it makes sense from a corporate perspective as well. Here are some reasons why:

• Promotes good will among individual victims and the community

• Reduces potential problems for victims and potential litigation for the company

• Indicates a concern for potential victims’ welfare

• Helps prevent an unfavorable impression of the corporation

• Reduces the likelihood that key components will be overlooked

• Ensures consistency in the provision of assistance to victims

The fact is that a humanitarian assistance program makes sense from every angle. Don’t wait until disaster tears your business apart. A machine may be disposable, but people are not. A comprehensive recovery plan is a major step toward getting your business back on track after a disaster.


About the Author
Dr. Michael Carter, a behavioral scientist, is vice-president of Corporate Response Group, Inc., a Washington, D.C. based crisis management consulting firm. For more information on this topic, please call (202) 775-0177 or visit their web site at: www.crgdc.com